The Star System in Hollywood Essay Sample

The Star System in Hollywood Essay Sample The Star System in Hollywood Essay Example The Star System in Hollywood Essay Example Hollywood is well-known for both massive and successful production of different motion pictures. It always seemed to be a place where dreams come true for millions of young boys and girls who went there in pursuit of their happiness and glory. Many of those who arrived to film production companies were really talented, but only some particular people, usually very good-looking or with something special in their appearance, became stars. In the 1930s-1940s of the 20th century, the tendency became more popular. In the scope of the Hollywood studio system, which included five major film production companies, the â€Å"star system† started to increase and dominate in almost all movies. The viewers had a possibility to enjoy films with the actors they know very well from other pictures. Therefore, the star system was the primary orientation in the process of classical Hollywood moviemaking, which, without doubt, affected the movies produced at that time and the American society tha t was a consumer of the films. However, despite the popularity and wide use, the system declined with the time flow. The Star System in Hollywood in the 20th Century The star system is usually regarded as a method used for creation and the subsequent exploitation and promotion of film stars. Mark Tooms claims that the star system was once among â€Å"the key components of the Hollywood studio system† (as well as for many companies these days) (Tooms). As soon as producers or other people from the crew liked anyone, they tried to do their best to change this person according to the desires of the general public, i.e. make them special, attractive, stunning and unforgettable. Since the right person was discovered and checked for the perception of the audience, they became actively involved in the filmmaking industry. Ndalianis and Henry claim that the star system means much to Hollywood film production as it was, and is, the major device that brings success to the film production companies in Hollywood (xi). The authors state that the actors as major stars are now replaced by directors such as Steven Spielberg, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin S corsese, George Lucas, and others. Moreover, they claim that the main privilege directors have is that they do not have to quit filmmaking as they get older, less attractive and when new producers appear on stage. The only things they need are to have enough stamina to embody their talent and remain original so that no one could do what they do in such a good manner. Many critics talk about the star system as a notion that is still operating in the United States. As Hollywood produces stars as it did 50 or 60 years ago, it can be assumed that the star system declined but did not disappear completely. McDonald claims that adherence to the star system dogmas is the use of some particular mechanisms for constructing and promoting new works and making them consumed by the audience (1). Though stardom is directed to the massive commercialization and making money, McDonald states that â€Å"the star system deals in individualism† (1) since every celebrity is differentiated without being perceived as part of a large group of famous people. They are not regarded as people with certain characteristics but as the separately taken individuals. The perception by the audience and the representation of celebrities in films make the main difference between the present-day star system and that at the beginning of the 20th century. It is possible to assume that present-day filmmaking is not absolutely centered on actors; the stardom did not disappear as it is represented by the estimation of producers’ work. Many people think that the films produced by Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Walt Disney, or Martin Scorsese cannot be boring, conventional and unsuccessful. Therefore, one may conclude that after the peak of the star system in Hollywood and the following decline, the stars still exist. The major thing is that the focus is different. There is not much orientation on the image created by the famous actor or actress in the modern Hollywood but on the celebrity as an individual. Thus, the star system is used in a different manner and with a different purpose. There are different ideas of what the star system is. The most accurate and close to the reality definition is provided by Ndalianis and Henry that said that the star system is â€Å"a system that has always relied on expanding fascination with its products by developing public interest in individuals who majestically encapsulate the media form they represent† (x). Hayward states that the star system is usually regarded as something that occurred in Hollywood (349). The reality is that at the time the orientation on stardom appeared in the United States, it was already actively used in France (usually in comedy series and ‘film d’art productions’) since 1908 (Hayward 349). When filmmakers understood that some actors were perceived better by the audience, they started employing people that were liked by the moviegoers more often. Richard de Cordova claims that the American star system appeared in the early years of the 20th century and insists that â€Å"th e star system has been central to the functioning of the American cinema as a social institution† (as quoted in Schmid 107). Powdermaker claims that despite the fact that the star system played some role in filmmaking, it was not created by the companies (228). At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no names of actors provided before or after the film since the producers did not think them needed. The moviegoers started writing letters to learn who their beloved actors are. At first, produces refused to provide such information because they assumed that the actors will understand that they are popular and will demand higher payment. Nevertheless, they changed their mind, starting exploiting actors’ fame no matter what the actors would have requested as more people tended to watch movies with the actors they adored. That was a small beginning of the system that very soon enabled manipulation by the society (Powdermaker 228). Hayward admits that by 1919 there had been the establishment of the star system (349). The first star in the United States became Florence Lawrence who played the Biograph girl in 1910, though in reality, she was not the first. Mary Pickford (more known as â€Å"little Mary†) is claimed to be named a star earlier than Lawrence. Charlie Chaplin was the next person in the row. The author of the book insists that the film production companies received much profit when they started shooting stars (Hayward 349) and called this type of business â€Å"by no means a one-way exchange† since the stars earned money till the company got the profit. Obviously, there had been a prototype of the typical Hollywood star that was generally liked by the audience. The stars now and then have some distinct features that are not very important. Since the focus of the film production companies is not the same, the celebrities are formed in a bit different way and are more independent than in the period of the Hollywood studio system (the star system was a method of getting profit by the studio system). Overall, it is possible to assume that the star at the beginning of the 20th century had some particular features. Thus, both male and female actors were usually good-looking. Women were represented as ladies and men were depicted as gentlemen. The star system in filmmaking did not exist on its own. As the films were produced by certain companies, they applied the method to their practice and had some benefit from it. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were a considerably smaller number of film production companies than today. At that time, the American cinematography was directed by five major studios (companies). Some of them, according to Dirks, originated as the rebels against the MPPA (Motion Picture Patents Company). Moreover, they struggled among themselves to gain recognition, attract the bigger audience and, therefore, make more money. These five studios that together comprised the Hollywood studio system were 20th Century Fox (appeared in 1935), MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), Paramount, Warner Brothers, and RKO Radio (Dirks). Three more studios that completed the list of all film production companies were Columbia Pictures, Universal Pictures, and United Artists (Dirks). Together they produced films that made that time period memorable as a Golden Age of cinematography. The first studio that appeared earlier, had already gained some recognition and, therefore, had more chances to survive the competition, was Paramount Pictures. It was founded by Adolph Zukor in 1912 (â€Å"History†). The article about the history of the company provided at the official website of Paramount states that the company is â€Å"the longest operating and only major studio remaining in Hollywood† (â€Å"History†). Since the company was founded at the beginning of the 20th century, it had to overcome all stages of the development, come through all the challenges that the filmmaking industry had on its way and survive despite all failures. When the star system was in vogue and became regarded as an essential part of the success in filmmaking business, Paramount Company started following the same scheme with the actors loved by people as well. Though the star system came to its decline or, rather, transformed, the studio did not stop using the images of the stars as a means to draw attention of the audience. During the whole course of its functioning, the company cooperated with many film celebrities such as Marlene Dietrich, Gary Cooper, Cecil B. DeMille, Alfred Hitchcock, Rudolf Valentino, D.W. Griffith, the Marx Brothers, Bob Hope, Elvis Presley, Audrey Hepburn and others (â€Å"History†). There is evidence that the Paramount Pictures managed to overcome the crisis that appeared after the star system decline as it was using the changed stardom strategy. In more recent years, the company cooperated with such stars as Harrison Ford, Tom Cruise, Steven Spielberg, Angelina Jolie, Meryl Streep, and others. The film makers and celebrities that are now working together at Paramount are reported to put their experience, strength, talent, passion and desire to produce the films that are admired by millions of people and can be easily called artistic works. In the early 20th century, the stars played a crucial role not only in the filmmaking process but also in the formation of the celebrity system, which, in its turn, influenced public opinion, in general (Tooms). The society was much affected by the people they saw on the screens. Many of them became role models and the embodiment of courage, sexuality, beauty, smartness, originality and passion and were admired not only by the representatives of the opposite sex but also by those of their own gender as they served as an example to them. Such stars were Clark Gable, Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo and others. The stardom had a bit negative effect on the film production as the studios became more profit-oriented. Therefore, there was a big rivalry between major film production companies, which led to more quantitative and artificial production of movies and deliberate exploitations of the stars. As film production became more successful, the orientation on the images suggested by the movies was very strong. The actors were the examples of gentleman behavior patterns, courage and strength, while actresses were teaching female part of the audience how to look good and be sexual, stylish, passionate, simple, mysterious, glamorous, unforgettable and successful. Women who watched movies at that time tried to follow in the heroines’ footsteps and copied their hairstyles, clothing, conduct and even manner of speech. The society became â€Å"television-oriented† as they learned from it. People watched movies produced by well-known film production companies and performed by famous actors. The Hollywood studio system did not need those actors that once were stars but due to their age, lost beauty or substitution by some people that were considered more interesting for the viewers were not that popular as before. These actors were often neglected and forgotten. The actress considered to be the first Hollywood star (Florence Lawrence) died at the age of 52, committing suicide since she could not bear the burden of live in the shadows, being absolutely forgotten and not having chance to earn her living by means of what she did before (â€Å"100 years of movie stars: 1910-1929†). It is also reported that 28 years earlier, the producer Carl Laemmle died. The triggering cause of his death was being one renowned and forgotten later. These two cases, along with many others, show the wrong direction in which filmmaking was going to manipulate the audience and make money. It is stated that the incidents like these and the orientation on marketing matters with stardom expl oitation had â€Å"a lasting effect on Western culture† (â€Å"100 years of movie stars: 1910-1929†). At that time, actor’s career did not last for long. Marlene Dietrich, an actress who was world-famous for her stunning beauty and â€Å"unspeakable† sexuality, did not lose her talent but just became older and was substituted by those actresses that showed potential to be loved by the audience. Gledhill states that her exotic accent and foreign elusive manner was substituted by an image of a hometown girl, namely the heroine represented by Doris Day or Judy Holliday (286). The situation described is one more proof that Hollywood filmmaking was not a form of art but the marketing element created to make money by entertaining the audience. It is probably one of the reasons (but not major one) that served for the following decline of the whole star system and image orientation. It is inevitable that the star system came to a decline one day. The reasons were exploitation of the stars, abandoning them when they did not bring anything new to the images developed for them, and artificial creation of the celebrity’s artistic face without the slightest regard to their individual peculiarities could not last for long. Hayward reports that there is an official date when the star system was over (350). The author claims that the star system stopped to be used by the 1950s as the Hollywood studio system collapsed (Hayward 350). It is also stated that there was still a rivalry between Hollywood and Europe in the sphere of filmmaking business. For instance, Europe presented the world such â€Å"sex-goddess†, as Hayward names (350) them, as Shirley Ann Field, Brigitte Bardot, and Sophia Loren, whereas Hollywood tried to keep up with such divas in their films as Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, and Ava Gardner (Hayward 350). Hayward admits that the collaps e of the Hollywood studio system did not mean the end of the star system. The stars were being produced at that time as well but in the smaller amount. With the flow of time, the celebrities and the images they represented changed to more nasty, determined and malevolent (Hayward 350). The star system is a method of exploitation and promotion of film stars developed to increase the interest of the audience to the film. The technique was actively used at the beginning of the 20th century (originated in 1919). The typical image of a woman comprised the features of a lady. The attributes of the man’s image were gentleman’s characteristics. The major company that occurred at the same time as the star system was Paramount Pictures. Founded in 1912, it managed to overcome all obstacles on its way and saved the leading position till today. The company used the star system as well, cooperating with many celebrities. By the 1950s the system started to decline as the artificial creation of images that are already familiar to the audience and exploitation of the stars was not as efficient as at the very beginning. Finally, the star system changed. The images became different and the individual features of the stars started to be more valued. Nevertheless, the st ar system contributed to the development of film industry and created the masterpieces that are still valued by moviegoers all over the world.

Perry March Convicted of Wifes Murder

Perry March Convicted of Wifes Murder On August 17, 2006, Perry March, a successful corporate lawyer, was sentenced in the murder of his wife, Janet March, ending a 10-year-long mystery.  Nearly a decade to the day after Perrys conviction, Janet March had mysteriously disappeared from her four-acre Forest Hills estate in Nashville, Tennessee, leaving behind two children and a thriving career as a painter and childrens book illustrator. Rumors spread like wildfire, but there was no evidence of foul play or that any crime had been committed. Gone Missing On the evening of August 15, 1996, Perry and Janet March got into an argument and, according to Perry, Janet decided to take a 12-day vacation. She packed three bags, around $5,000 in cash, a bag of marijuana, and her passport, and drove off in her gray four-door 1996 Volvo 850 at 8:30 p.m., without telling anyone where she was going. Around midnight that night, Perry contacted his in-laws, Lawrence and Carolyn Levine, and told them that Janet had left on vacation. At first, the Levines didnt worry, but as time went on, their concerns grew. They wanted to contact the police but later said Perry had discouraged them from doing it. Perry said it was the other way around. Perry and the Levines searched for Janet for several days, but when their efforts failed, they contacted the police together. By that time, it had been two weeks since Janet had disappeared. Perry and Janet had two children together- a son, Samson, and a daughter, Tzipora. Perry said that Janet had planned to return by August 27 to celebrate Samsons birthday. However, this struck investigators as odd because Samsons birthday party was scheduled for August 25, two days before Janets return date. Investigators also learned that sometime during the day of August 15, Janet had asked her mother to go with her to see a divorce attorney the next day. Janet had discovered that Perry had paid  $25,000 to avoid a sexual harassment suit after he was caught writing sexually explicit letters anonymously to a paralegal that worked in his office.  (March had been fired from that company as a result and was hired on at his father-in-laws firm. It was at that point that March learned about the potential of a sexual harassment suit against him.) The authorities believed that Janet had confronted Perry about wanting a divorce, and an argument had erupted.    The Rolled-Up Rug There were also questions about a rug that was seen at the March home the day after Janet disappeared. On Friday, August 16, Marissa Moody and Janet March had planned to meet for part of the day so that their sons could play together. When Moody arrived at the March residence at the scheduled time, Janet was of course not at home. Perry was, however, but he did not come out of his office to greet Moody. He merely sent word through Samson that she could still drop off her son to play. While at the March home, Moody noticed that a large, dark, rolled-up rug was lying on the floor. It was especially noticeable to Moody because Samson was bouncing on one end of it, and she knew that Janet kept the homes beautiful hardwood floors polished- and rug-free. When Moody returned to pick up her son, she told authorities  that the rug was gone. Another witness surfaced, stating that they had also seen a rug at the March home on August 16. However, Ella Goldshmid, the March childrens nanny, did not recall seeing a rug. When investigators questioned Perry about the rug, he denied that it existed and said that Moody never entered the home on the day that she claims to have seen a rug. Perrys denial about the rug led detectives to theorize that during the couples argument the night before, Perry, who held a black belt in karate, could have easily killed Janet, who weighed just 104 pounds, hidden her body inside the rug, then disposed of it the following day. More Suspicious Evidence On September 7, Janets car was located at a Nashville apartment complex. The police found Janets passport and other personal effects, but there was no sign of Janet.  Janets car was backed into the parking spot. According to Janets best friend, she only pulled into parking places and never backed into them. A flight attendant remembered seeing someone that looked like Perry leaving that  apartment complex on a mountain bike at around 1:00 a.m. on the night Janet disappeared. Perry and Janet shared a personal computer and not long after she went missing, so did the computers hard drive. Leaving Nashville In September, a month after Janet disappeared, Perry and the children moved to Chicago. Shortly after the move, Perry and his in-laws, the Levines, got into a legal battle over Janets assets. Perry wanted to be granted control of her assets and the Levines opposed it. They also wanted visitation rights, which Perry was vehemently opposed to, saying that they only wanted access so the detectives could interview the children. In 1999, the court awarded the Levines visitation, but before they could see the children, Perry moved his family to his fathers house in Ajijic, Mexico. In response, the Levines had Janet declared legally dead and filed a civil lawsuit against Perry for wrongful death in the disappearance of their daughter. Perry failed to show up for court, and the Levines were awarded $133 million. Perry had the verdict overturned on appeal. Grandparents Fight for Custody A year after moving to Mexico, Perry married Carmen Rojas Solorio. The couple had a child together. The Levines continued their fight to visit their grandchildren. With the help of the Mexican government, they were able to bring Samson and Tzipora to Tennessee for a maximum visitation of 39 days. The Levines then began their fight to gain full custody of the children. Perry felt that the Levines had abducted his children and two Tennessee attorneys agreed to represent him pro  bono. The Levines lost, and the children were returned to their father. Cold Case Detectives In early 2000, two cold case detectives revisited the disappearance of Janet March. By 2004, the investigators and the prosecutors office had compiled evidence against Perry and presented it to a grand jury. The jury returned an indictment against Perry on charges of second-degree murder, tampering with evidence, and abuse of a corpse. Perry was also indicted for felony theft for an alleged 1999 theft of $23,000 from his father-in-laws firm, where he was working. Perry presumably stole the money to raise the $25,000 that would quash claims by the paralegal that he had written her sexually explicit letters. The indictment remained secret until the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Mexican government could work out Perrys extradition. In August 2005, nearly nine years after Janet March disappeared, Perry March was deported from Mexico and placed under arrest. During the bond hearing, one of the cold case detectives,  Pat Postiglione, stated that during the flight from Mexico to Nashville, Perry said he was willing to plead guilty in exchange for a sentence of no more than five to seven years. Perry denies ever making such a statement. A Plot to Kill the In-Laws Perry was held in the Nashville County jail. There he befriended inmate Russell Farris, who was awaiting trial for attempted murder. Perry told Farris that he could arrange to have his bond posted if he would agree to kill the Levines. The discussion went on for weeks. Farris ended up telling his attorney about it, and the information was turned over to the authorities. Farris agreed to work with the police, and the police recorded subsequent conversations between the two men. Also recorded were conversations Farris had with Perrys father, Arthur March, who was still living in Mexico. Arthur told Ferris the best time of day to go to the Levines home, how to obtain a gun, the type of gun to get, and how to travel to Ajijic, Mexico, after he had killed the Levines. Farris told Perry he was being released, although he was really being transferred to another county jail. Before Farris left, Perry wrote down the Levines address and handed him the piece of paper. Perry was arrested and charged with two counts of solicitation to commit murder by the Davidson County prosecutors. He was also charged with two counts of conspiring to commit murder by federal prosecutors. Perry’s father Arthur  was also charged with the same crimes but remained in Mexico as a fugitive. In 2006, Arthur pleaded guilty to the solicitation charge and worked out a plea deal in exchange for his testimony against Perry for the murder of Janet March. Perrys Trials In April 2006, Perry was found guilty of embezzling $23,000 from his father-in-laws firm. In June 2006, he was convicted of the conspiracy to murder the Levines. In August 2006, Perry went on trial for second-degree murder  of his wife,  tampering with evidence, and abuse of a corpse. Along with other evidence, a videotaped deposition given by Arthur March was played for the jury.  In it, Arthur talked about how much he disliked the Levines and spoke with disdain about Janet. He then said that Perry killed Janet by striking her with a wrench. A few weeks after her murder, Perry had driven Arthur to where he had disposed of the body and explained that it had to be moved because it was about to become a construction site. The two then drove Janets remains to Bowling Green, Kentucky, where Arthur disposed of it in some thick brush. Her body has never been found, even though Arthur March tried to lead authorities to the spot where he remembers leaving Janet. Convicted On August 17, 2006, just a week after the trial had started, the jury deliberated for 10 hours before reaching their verdict of guilty on all charges. Perry was sentenced to a total of 56 years for murdering Janet and for the attempted murder-for-hire of the Levines. He will not be eligible for parole until 2040. Arthur March was sentenced to five years for the attempted murder-for-hire of the Levines. He died three months later.

The Effect of Taking Creatine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Essay

The Effect of Taking Creatine Supplementation on Exercise Performance - Essay Example The author of the essay "The Effect of Taking Creatine Supplementation on Exercise Performance" begins with the introduction of the topic. Creatine monohydrate (Cr) is marketed as ‘nature's muscle builder’ and ‘the most legitimate sports supplement around’. Professional and amateur athletes alike are taking this alleged ergogenic aid, hoping to increase their strength and performance. Cr supplementation is claimed to increase muscle power by playing a role in the transfer of energy to help the muscle contract. Thus, it has become one of the leading sport supplements used by strength power athletes today. Reports suggest that 48% of male collegiate athletes use or have used Cr during their preparation for competition. However, the prevalence of use among strength/power athletes is much greater, and is estimated to approach more than 80% in certain sports. Cr use has also gained popularity among high school athletes, with 90% of athletes who supplement using C r. It is clear Cr is highly used but the question remains whether it actually increases strength and power leading to an improvement in exercise performance. Also the widespread use of Cr in dietary supplements does not necessarily indicate safety or advocacy, thus there is a need to evaluate the safety of Cr. Although the role of creatine in human metabolism has been understood for over a half-century only recently has its potential as a sport ergogenic been explored. A considerable number of studies have been published subsequently.

Is the U.S. in a position to lecture the rest of the world about moral Research Paper

Is the U.S. in a position to lecture the rest of the world about moral behavior - Research Paper Example 5. The U.S., being the most influential country in the world, has the unique ability to persuade other nations to reconsider immoral behaviors. Con: No the U.S. not in a position to lecture the rest of the world about moral behavior because†¦ 1. The U.S. has a long history of discrimination against non-whites, a circumstance still evident today. 2. The U.S. sends its military to fight political wars that cause hundreds of thousand of deaths worldwide. 3. The U.S. rarely acts to prevent or intervene in genocides such as Darfur, Rwanda, Cambodia and now Syria. 4. Americans weigh more, per capita, than the citizens of any other nation while thousands worldwide die of starvation every day. 5. Many countries and all of Europe think the U.S. stance on capital punishment is immoral and transfers that sentiment to its government and people. President Ronald Reagan is often quoted referring to America as a â€Å"shining city on a hill.† It is the world’s most prosperous nat ion with the greatest military in history founded on the democratic principles of freedom and justice for all. Millions of immigrants have poured into the country with promise of a life free from the shackles of oppressors in their home countries. America is the â€Å"melting pot† of the world, a grand experiment that has been the foremost example for many governments and societies that also wanted to recreate the â€Å"American Dream† for themselves. What better nation to teach the rest of the world about moral behavior? Some, in fact many millions may answer nearly any country besides America due to its own human rights and foreign interventions record. American’s are the most prosperous people in the world and are also the most charitable, a measure of their collective morality. The American people give more to charity both on a per capita basis and as a percentage of GNP (gross national product) than any other society in the world. Its richest citizens donat e the most by dollar amount and its poorest citizens give the biggest share of their income. (Eaves, 2008). America is also well-known for giving generously and quickly to help people of other country’s in the aftermath of disasters such as the earthquake in Haiti, the nuclear meltdown in Japan and the tsunami in Southeast Asia just to name three of many. Unfortunately for millions more in other nations, America is also known to ignore instances of genocide. The world remembers how U.S. bomber planes targeted arms factories next to Auschwitz but not the concentration camp’s crematoria or gas chambers nor did the U.S. intervene during the murderous rampages of Cambodia during the 1970’s or Rwanda during the 1990’s. The intervention in the Balkans â€Å"ethnic cleansing† horror was about a year late while the U.S. waited for a consensus from other nations before acting. Just last year Secretary of State Hillary Clinton commended Syria’s brutal dictator Bashar Assad calling him a â€Å"reformer.† (Medoff, Thane Rosenbaum, 2012) The U.S. has condemned but not acted upon the oppression of women around the world. Women are treated worse than slaves in several countries. America, however, is a moral example for the world with regards to women’s rights. Women aged 40 and younger have always enjoyed reproductive rights and equality, more or less, in the workplace. (Hossain, 2012). America does not have the high moral ground when it comes to minority suppression though. From the

Robert E. Lee :: essays research papers

Condi Rice: the Warrior Princess Condi Rice is the top leading female African-American politician to hold a high-ranking and influential position in the United States government today. From her lengthy and experienced background, Rice has established herself among the elite in Washington, D.C. Her commitment to the foreign policy of this great nation has proven very strong over the many years that she has worked for the government. With the confidence of President Bush behind her, Rice has and will continue to lead the front for peaceful relations with different nations to spread democracy and human rights. In 1954, Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama the year before the civil rights movement would take place. Going up in a brutally racist environment, little Condi, who enjoyed reading books and playing the piano, didn’t let the violence affect her. Even though the pain and suffering that surrounded her was immense, she did not let it prevent her from making her dreams come true. For Condi Rice, her best area in government is dealing with foreign relations. A perfect example of Condi Rice’s keen intellect of foreign policy would be her knowledge of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. When the Soviet Union collapsed, human rights in that region were to be changed forever. People gained the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to vote. Rice firmly believes â€Å"nothing improved human rights as much as the collapse of Soviet power.† With the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States had now become the world’s only superpower. We benefited greatly in this peaceful victory. â€Å"American values are universal. Their triumph is most assuredly easier when the international balance of power favors those who believe in them. But sometimes that favorable balance of power takes time to achieve, both internationally and within a country,† said best by Rice. She is referring to strong countries that do n ot need to isolate themselves such as the Soviet Union did during the Cold War. Other powerful states need to join the peaceful global community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After her successful term in office as the National Security Advisor for the first Bush administration, Rice was nominated to become the Secretary of State for the second Bush administration. During the ceremony when she was sworn in, â€Å"the new secretary spoke of the need to work in partnership with allies and others around the world ‘putting the tools of diplomacy to work to unite, strengthen and widen the community of democracies.

Case Study Nissan.Com Fundamentals of Ebusiness

1. Nissan Motor Company is concerned about the use of the domain names Nissan. com and Nissan. net because they do not want potential customers to miss finding their site. They feel the name Nissan is associated with their company, that they could lose sales by having a domain name other than nissan. com or nissan. net. However I do not feel that a $10 million dollar judgment is justified. Even if customers will not find Nissan immediately upon using the above domain names, they can use Google or Bing to find the domain name. At this stage of internet use, I think that most users would attempt to find Nissan Motor Company using a search engine. Nissans concern over Uzi Nissans use of the name and websites has to do with brand management. Nissan (Auto Company) feels that by Uzi using the name for his consultant and import/export business, this will confuse consumers that are using the web as a source of information when searching for a car. With most other large auto industry’s-their brand name is also the selling point for the web. When a consumer shopping for a car want to visit Honda, or Toyota, or BMW’s site- you are immediately taken there just by entering in the information to the URL. Nissan. com takes you to Uzi Nissan’s site and to the ongoing issues of the law suit. Nissan Motor feels that Uzi is diluting the Nissan Auto Brand. The error made by Nissan was not purchasing the domain name immediately, however if you do a Google search on Nissan, the website that shows up is Nissanusa. com. The $10 million, in my opinion is really not justifiable. I understand that if Nissan were to obtain the rights to the sites that Uzi has obtained then a change in online branding will need to occur but the justification for that amount is not there. C1. Nissan. com 2. In Uzi Nissans defense, he was granted the rights to use his name to start his online business. This is a direct quote â€Å"In December 1987, I started an import/export business known as â€Å"Nissan International† At that time, Nissan Motor was not well known as Nissan, but primarily as â€Å"DATSUN†. As with the earlier business, I chose to use Nissan in my business name because it was my last name. the domain was registered and promoted as being an internet/computer service provider. Nissan, had done what he felt was right-purchasing and registering the domain names. I do not feel that he has violated any cyber squatting laws, and if he chooses not to sell the names to Nissan Auto Company, he is within his rights. Uzi Nissan feels he should be allowed to us e his family name as a domain name. He purchased the name nissan. com in 1994 and nissan. net in 1996. The name Nissan is a common surname in the Middle East. It is apparent that Mr. Nissan is acting in good faith. He is not attempting to cyber squat, which is evident by his not attempting to sell the domains to Nissan Motor Company. 3. Nissan Auto felt that since â€Å"Nissan† was known for auto, that Uzis brand was diluting the auto brand, causing confusion and negatively impacting on Nissan Auto. However, Nissan as the large industry that it is should have been on the ball when registering domain names. Also-they should have originally followed up with their lawyers cist and desist order instead of allowing that letter to fall through the cracks-not communicating with Uzi Nissan. Nissan Motor Company feels that Nissan Computer’s use of Nissan. om and Nissan. net will confuse the consumer. They argue that when people hear the name ‘Nissan’, they think Nissan cars and trucks. They legally offered a generous amount of C1. Nissan. com money to Nissan Computer to purchase the above domain names. In 2003, the court has ordered Nissan Computer not to use the two domain na mes commercial purposes, but it appears that Nissan Computer is not following this practice. Though it appears that the law suit is still going on I feel that Uzi Nissans right to use his sites, which he purchased, registered and used for his computer/Internet export /import business was not a fair decision. His sites are not diluting Nissan Auto-In fact now with the ruling in hand it seems that the only purpose of the Nissan. com and Nissan. net sites are to inform the public about the ongoing battle between one man and a major auto company-if anything It seems to be bad publicity and Nissan Auto could have focused their energy elsewhere. 4. I do not believe this ruling is fair. I personally have come across several websites where the domain name was not the name I expected it to be, based on the company name. However, the domain name used was close enough to the company name for consumers to associate the name and the domain name. As mentioned in item #1, with search engines such as Google and Bing being widely used, most people using the web can find a company’s website even if the domain name is not exactly the same as the company name. While there should be laws on cyber squatting, I think there should be some type of ‘grandfather’ clause on domain name registration starting with the year 1995. This grandfather clause would eliminate the type of situation that these two companies find themselves in, and thus Nissan Computer Company could use their nissan. com and nissan. net domain names.

Victory Spirit - 866 Words

William Safire and James Wood are two different people, with different ideas, different views, but do have similar writing styles. In William Safire’s â€Å"A Spirit Reborn† he talks about the Gettysburg Address in comparison to 9/11 and he also analyzes the Gettysburg Address in more depth and has a specific purpose for writing his article. On the other hand in James Wood’s â€Å"Victory Speech† he talks about how President Obama flowed through different things, Wood also analyzes certain details of Obama’s speech, and offers some critique. â€Å"Now, as then, a national spirit rose from the ashes of destruction† (Safire 41). The Gettysburg Address was given after a horrible incident, with very tragic losses. By going through these destructive events,†¦show more content†¦He mentions some specific quotes such as â€Å"The nation was ‘conceived in liberty’†¦ delivered into life – by ‘our fathers† (Safire 42). He also brings up death and re-birth by pulling more quotes from Lincoln’s memorable speech. Safire does not want us to â€Å"listen to only Lincoln’s famous words and comforting cadences† (43). Instead he wants us to remember the message Lincoln was giving to us, he wants us to appreciate the deceased and the missing, and wants to remind us that â€Å"this generation’s response to the deaths of thousands of our people leads to ‘a new birth of freedom† (Safire 43). â€Å"First he moved through the people†¦ Then he moved through the country†¦ then he moved through time† (Wood 611). The purpose Wood says for Obama doing this; was â€Å"to bind those wounds by binding us together† (611). By bringing people from different ages, orientation and gender, from different states and cities, Obama hopes to bring our nation back together as one nation. He also mentions how Ann Nixon Cooper, who is one hundred and six years old, had voted using just a finger, to show how the times have changed. Wood analyzes some details of Obama’s speech, such as how â€Å"Yes we can† changed to â€Å"Yes we did† and â€Å"Yes we may†. Noticing the impact those few words had on the crowd by saying it was â€Å"extraordinarily moving in its sobriety† (Wood 611). Wood also mentions how he added it to past tense, using a note of being uncertain. He also draws attention to Obama’s use of theShow MoreRelatedUrban Farming1169 Words   |  5 Pagespart of the stepped architecture of the city, and vegetable beds were designed to gather sun in order to prolong the growing season.[3] Allotment gardens came up in Germany in the early 19th century as a response to poverty and food insecurity.[4] Victory gardens sprouted during WWI and WWII and were fruit, vegetable, and herb gardens in US, Canada, and UK. This effort was undertaken by citizens to reduce pressure on food production that was to support the war effort. Community gardening in most communitiesRead MoreComparison Between Menkaure and His Wife, and Nike from Samothrace1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe portrait must be a replica of the man in order to serve his spirit after death. Therefore, the sculptor has gone into detail to show the individuality of King Menkaure and his Queen. This is seen in his strongly defined features. His firmly set jaw, slightly tilted face and direct line of sight are indicators of his authority. This portrayal gives him permanence for eternity and proper housing for their ka. The Victory is considered one of the great surviving masterpieces of Greek sculptureRead MoreHappiness as the Ultimate End of Human Action Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesneed it; so much of it that if we don’t get it, things go wrong. Differing from this edacious part of the soul is our Spirit. It is the most volatile part of the soul. The Spirit is where one gets their love and need for honor and victory. It is the part that gets revved up and, at the drop of a hat, will change rapidly if conditions are conducive. However, like the Appetite, the Spirit needs some sort of outer guidance and direction in order to achieve its goals (Lorenz). This conductor-like, thirdRead More Anne Bradstreets The Flesh and the Spirit Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Spirit The Flesh and the Spirit by Anne Bradstreet is basically a conversation between two sisters--the worldly body and the spiritual soul. Their heated argument concerns the value of life and what really matters in our human lives. The Flesh, who presents her side first, argues that the world offers pleasure, wealth, and fame to those who readily partake. Satisfaction for her is found in the reality of earthly possessions and the fulfillment of her desires. The Spirit, on the otherRead MoreThe Winged Victory ( Nike ) Of Samothrace987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Winged Victory (Nike) of Samothrace is a powerful statue built by the Greeks around 190 BC. She was discovered on the Island of Samothrace in the northern Aegean. This statue stands at 10.76 feet which is very tall for a woman. She stood on the bow of a ship, poised and ready for action. The sculpture procures the strength and beauty of a woman. The pose, constitution, and her make up all contribute to the works powerful statement. The Winged Victory of Samothrace is made with Parian marbleRead MoreEssay on Iroquis Creation Story728 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom earth and live in the heavens overlooking earth. â€Å"at last the good mind gained the victory by using the horns, as mentioned the instrument of death, which he succeeded in deceiving his brother and he crushed him in the earth; and the last words uttered from the bad mind were, that he would have equal power over the souls of mankind after death and he sinks down to eternal doom and became the Evil Spirit.† (Cusick, The Iroquois Creations Story. Pg 21) 5. What influenced this work? What influencesRead MorePlato s View Of The Immortal Soul, Diagnosis, And Prescription1906 Words   |  8 Pagesanother. According to Plato, ‘the soul exists before birth, it is indestructible, and will exist eternally after death.†Plato believed in what he referred to as a tripartite soul. Plato’s tripartite soul consists of Appetite, Spirit, and Reason. In a just soul, Appetite and Spirit are controlled by Reason. Plato believed the soul to be more important than the body because he believed the soul retained knowledge of the forms from before birth, rather than knowledge being gained through bodily senses.Read MoreThe Divine Biblical Calendar : A Prayer Request From God870 Words   |  4 Pagesthinking. The good news is that we are not alone in this continuous warfare. Our victories are sure in the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. Consequently, give and commit your â€Å"To Do† Prayer List to the Lord. Start by coming to God with a blank piece of paper and pen, ready to write down what the Father is saying to you. Began praying offensively by following the Lord’s leading and focus on whatever the Holy Spirit wants you to pray about. Establish an intent to fight. Take your position betweenRead MoreSelf Evaluation Is Not Easy1195 Words   |  5 PagesI got, daddy said I was a bad girl, I am not worthy, I don’t measure up, nobody cares what happens to me anyway†. It is what it is. However the good news for today is that an encounter with Jesus can provide healing to our hearts, minds, souls, spirits and bodies. Our passage of Scripture for today is taken from Luke Chapter 13:10-17 where we find a woman who was bent over unable to stand erect for a period of 18 long years. Externally she was considered a cripple by most however what I wantRead MoreSelf Evaluation As Our Inner Man1199 Words   |  5 Pagesgot, daddy said I was a bad girl, I am not worthy, I don’t measure up, nobody cares what happens to me anyway†. It is what it is. However the good news for today is that an encounter with Jesus can provide healing to broken hearts, minds, souls, spirits and bodies. Our passage of Scripture for today is taken from Luke Chapter 13:10-17 where we find a woman who was bent over unable to stand erect for a period of 18 long years. Externally she was considered a cripple by most, however what I want